How to make a multiplication table in Excel
Excel formula
=A3:A12*B2:K2Multiply a column by a row: =A3:A12*B2:K2 fills the whole 10 by 10 table from one cell.
- Result on the example
- a 10-row list that spills from B3 in
B3 - Works in
- Excel 2021, 2024 and Microsoft 365
- Google Sheets
- Different formula, see below
See it work
The formula is already in B3. Change any input and the result updates, or edit the formula to experiment.
How it works
When a column of 10 values meets a row of 10 values in one calculation, Excel pairs every row with every column and returns a 10 by 10 grid. The cell in row 7, column 4 of the result is 7 × 4. Change a header and its whole row or column updates. Google Sheets needs ARRAYFORMULA for the same result.
=A3:A12*B2:K2Result{10 rows × 10 cols} 1, 2, 3, 4, …
A3:A1210 rows × 1 col: 1, 2, 3, 4, …A range: 10 cells in one column.
B2:K21 row × 10 cols: 1, 2, 3, 4, …A range: 10 cells in one row.
A3:A12*B2:K2{10 rows × 10 cols} 1, 2, 3, 4, …The * operator multiplies.
In Google Sheets
Google Sheets needs a different formula: =ARRAYFORMULA(A3:A12*B2:K2). On the same data it gives the same result. Here it is running in Google Sheets mode.
Other ways to do it
Each one was run on the same example sheet.
| Formula | Result | When to use it |
|---|---|---|
| =SEQUENCE(10)*SEQUENCE(1,10) | spills 10 × 10 | Builds both sets of factors itself, with no headers needed. |
Common mistakes
- Two ranges of the same shape multiply pair by pair instead:
A3:A12*A3:A12gives one column of squares. The grid needs one column and one row. - For the classic fill-down version, lock the column of the first factor and the row of the second:
=$A3*B$2in B3, filled across and down.
Try it yourself
Same data, empty answer cell. Your formula is graded instantly, then re-checked on changed data, so a typed-in number won't pass.
Make a multiplication table
B3, write one formula that fills the table: each number in A3:A12 times each number in B2:K2.Questions
Why does $A3*B$2 work when filled?
The $ before A keeps the left factor in column A, and the $ before 2 keeps the top factor in row 2, so every cell multiplies its own row header by its own column header.
How do I make a 12 by 12 table?
Use =SEQUENCE(12)*SEQUENCE(1,12), or extend the headers to 12 and the ranges to match.
Checked by running on 2026-10-30: every formula and result on this page was calculated by the Spreadsheet Practice formula engine, in both Excel and Google Sheets modes.