PRODUCT function
PRODUCT multiplies all of its arguments together. It's a shorter way to write =B2*C2*D2 when several cells in a row are factors, such as quantity, price and a discount multiplier. Empty cells and text inside a range are skipped rather than treated as zero.
- Available in
- Every current version
- Category
- Math functions
- Returns
- Every number in the arguments multiplied together.
- Google Sheets
- Works the same in Google Sheets.
Syntax
=PRODUCT(number1, [number2], ...)
| Argument | Required? | What it is |
|---|---|---|
number1 | Required | The first number, cell or range to multiply. |
number2 | Optional | More numbers, cells or ranges to multiply in. You can list up to 255. |
Examples
Each result below is calculated from the sample sheet by our formula engine, the same one that grades the practice.
| Cell | Formula | Result | What it shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| E2 | =PRODUCT(B2:D2) | $37.80 | Quantity × price × discount factor from one range |
| E3 | =PRODUCT(B3:D3) | $50.00 | The empty discount cell is skipped, not treated as zero |
| E4 | =PRODUCT(B4:C4,D4) | $40.80 | Ranges and single cells can be mixed in one formula |
Try it live
This is the sample sheet. Change any number or text, or edit a formula, and the results update.
Show the sample data as a table
| Item | Qty | Unit price | Discount factor | Line total |
| Notebooks | 12 | $3.50 | 0.9 | $37.80 |
| Pens | 40 | $1.25 | $50.00 | |
| Binders | 6 | $8.00 | 0.85 | $40.80 |
Practice PRODUCT
Graded instantly, then re-checked on changed data.
Price each part
E2, multiply the units, unit cost and markup for each part with PRODUCT. Fill down to E6.Common mistakes
| What you see | Why, and how to fix it |
|---|---|
| The result is far too big | The range includes a cell you didn't mean to multiply, such as an ID, a year or a running total. Select only the factors. |
| Expected 0 but got a number | PRODUCT skips blank cells and text instead of multiplying by zero. If a blank should mean zero, multiply the cells directly: =B2*C2*D2. |
| #VALUE! | A typed argument is text that isn't a number, such as =PRODUCT(B2,"n/a"). Point to cells instead, or remove the text. |
Tips
- To multiply row by row and then total the results, use SUMPRODUCT instead of a PRODUCT column plus a SUM.
Questions
How do I multiply cells in Excel?
Use * for two or three cells, such as =B2*C2, or =PRODUCT(B2:D2) to multiply everything in a range.
What is the difference between PRODUCT and SUMPRODUCT?
PRODUCT multiplies every number together into one result. SUMPRODUCT multiplies matching rows of two or more ranges and adds those results, which is what you want for units × price totals.
Does PRODUCT treat blank cells as zero?
No. Blank cells and text inside a range are ignored. If every cell is blank, PRODUCT returns 0.
Last reviewed October 2026. Every example result on this page is calculated live by the Spreadsheet Practice formula engine.