# How to make a multiplication table in Excel

Multiply a column by a row: `=A3:A12*B2:K2` fills the whole 10 by 10 table from one cell.

**Excel:** `=A3:A12*B2:K2` (Excel 2021, 2024 and Microsoft 365)

**Google Sheets:** `=ARRAYFORMULA(A3:A12*B2:K2)`

## Example

Sample data (row 1 is the header):

| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Times table |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Formula in B3: `=A3:A12*B2:K2`

Result (spills 10 × 10): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30; 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40; 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50; 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60; 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70; 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80; 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90; 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100

## How it works

When a column of 10 values meets a row of 10 values in one calculation, Excel pairs every row with every column and returns a 10 by 10 grid. The cell in row 7, column 4 of the result is 7 × 4. Change a header and its whole row or column updates. Google Sheets needs ARRAYFORMULA for the same result.

## Other ways

- `=SEQUENCE(10)*SEQUENCE(1,10)`: Builds both sets of factors itself, with no headers needed.

## Common mistakes

- Two ranges of the same shape multiply pair by pair instead: `A3:A12*A3:A12` gives one column of squares. The grid needs one column and one row.
- For the classic fill-down version, lock the column of the first factor and the row of the second: `=$A3*B$2` in B3, filled across and down.

## Questions

**Why does $A3*B$2 work when filled?**

The $ before A keeps the left factor in column A, and the $ before 2 keeps the top factor in row 2, so every cell multiplies its own row header by its own column header.

**How do I make a 12 by 12 table?**

Use `=SEQUENCE(12)*SEQUENCE(1,12)`, or extend the headers to 12 and the ranges to match.

Every formula and result on this page was checked by running it in the Spreadsheet Practice formula engine on 2026-10-30.

Source: https://spreadsheetpractice.com/formulas/make-a-multiplication-table